What is a transistor?

Transistor , the semiconductor material is an electronic circuit element . Although very similar to the structure of the diode in the diode vefonksiyonları work is very different.
Two transistor circuit element is a three-zone is articulated two main kinds.
- NNP
- PNP

Transistor Transistor is defined in different ways as described below in terms of the definition of easy understanding , a sandwich benzetilmesidir transistor , a semiconductor tanımıda sandviçi.İkinci are as follows ; Transistor , two elektroduarasındaki resistance varies with the voltage applied to the third electrode, the most widely used definition is as follows birdevre elemanıdır.Transistörün , PN diode transistor consisting of two side- yanabirleştirilmiş a circuit element. NPN or PNP type transistor by Birleşmesırasına occurs.

Here are the main types of transistor associative surface ( Junction ) transistörNokta contact transistörUnijonksiyon transistörFoto transistörAlan effective transistörTetrot (four -pin) transistörKoaksiyal transistor

Uses of the transistor

Transistor structural sense, the amplifier can operate as a circuit element sahipbir . Used in every field of electronics .


NPN and PNP transistors, the structural representation, Transistor symbols
the development of the transistor


Lights for the first time in 1906, Dr. Electron . Lee de Forest was put tarafındanuygulama area . Lilien Field, and in 1938, by 1925, Pohl Hilschve the lamps to replace some of the denemeleryapılmıştır unsuccessful in finding a solid amplifikatörelemanı . The purpose of the studies , the effect of lamps as well as the flow of electrons in solids to provide daelektrostatik . The basis of these studies may optionally be subsequently teşkiletmiştir current transistors .

1931-1940 years has been the transfer of solids electronics rather teorikçalışmalar . Heard in the most names in this field , L.Brillouin , A. H. Wilson , J. C. Slater , F. Seitz and W. Schottky'dir .

Year 1948 , Walter H. Brattain and John Bardeen crystal rectifiers yapmakiçin working at Bell Laboratories . Mainly made ​​; çeşitlikristallere contacting a ' catwhisker of conductive in one direction , a large resistance on diğeryönde study. Crystal germanium resistance to reverse current gösterdiğive Deneylersırasında better than the straightening process was observed and appeared böylecegermanyum rectifiers .

Brattain and Bardeen their experiments with germanium rectifiers , the density of free electrons on the crystal of germanium , the efficacy of the characteristics examined in both directions and busırada redresörünher , catwhisker'e deneylerinisürdürdüler close to one another by a contact . Meanwhile, the second whisker corresponds to a turning point in the history of the current exacerbations and electronic edentransistör farkınavardılar was thus discovered .

The name of the ' Transfer - Resistor ' alantransistör'ün word that the development of resistance to the carrier , then the katıldıve William Shockley in 1956 , the trio was awarded the Nobel Prize for physics .
First the transistors 'Point Contacted ' transistörlerdi . Noktakontaklı a crystal diode transistors ibarettir.Kristale two whisker'li ' Base' , one of whisker ' Emitter ' from the ' Collector'adı issued. Olarakkullanılmıştır N-type germanium crystal base of this transistor .

Whisker is phosphorous bronze , or rather done , butransistörler malzemekutularında now found in museums and nostalgic old amateurs .

Both ends of the curved whisker yaygibidir very close to each other , this is because it is curved like a bow , and thus exerts pressure on the crystal hard dururlar.Yani gramlıkbir only a few are contacted .

These transistors Ge crystals 0.5 mm thick and 1 - 1.5 mmeninde parts. If the distance between the 5- Whisker 3'üyüzde hundredths of a millimeter long.

This was the first type of PNP transistors , ie, crystalline P -type and N-type whisker , respectively.

Later, ' Surface -Contact ' was transistors . This transistörlerPNP or NPN to be part of the three crystals were yapıştırılarakimal each other . Made contact with the surface of transistors silisyumtransistörler was released later rather increased the number of transistors and formed a huge birail .

What are the advantages previously used by the transistor radio lights ? Transistors are very small and very low energy isterler.Transistörler sahiptirlerTransistörler much longer working life is ready to work at any moment ( the problem of voltage filament lamps ) Operating voltage is much less. Battery does not even break the glass as çalışırlar.Lambalar .

Butit was not superior to the lamp . Does not ?

There is no noise because they are vacuum lamps . vakumluoldukları still high empedanslıdırlar lamps . But recently, even iyitransistörler Transistörailesi standards were too light to develop .

FET transistor with this quality family.

Several Transistors

Unipolartransistörler bipolar transistors and the transistors are mainly divided into two parts . NPN bipolar transistors as well as the two types PNPve .

Collektor negative and positive kristalyapısındadır emitter PNP -type base . These transistors emitter assembly ; + collector - emitter are polarized . Base olduğundatransistör iletimdedir more negative than emitter .

Base of the NPN type, positive , negative kristalyapısındadır emitter and collector . Grounded emitter is used as a negative emitter , collector are positively polarized . Base to the transmission , must be positive than the emitter . The voltage difference must be more than 0.1 voltveya .

There are many types of bipolar transistors in the market . Birkatalog used with links to do during Bunlarınkullanılmaları leg , because the structure of the sheath containing links may separate ikitransistörün leg .
Bipolar Transistors 2N ... 2NT usually begins with two .... 2SB ..... 2SC ... or AC ... U.S. ... BUX .... BUW ... MJ .... are named starting with .

In recent times due to increased number of transistors , and a catalog of varieties zorunludur.2N3055 use 2SA1122 2SC1395 2SB791 BD135 AC128 , such as MJ3001 BUW44 BUX80 ....

A starting with germanium transistors . Stay transistörlerSilisyum starting with B , also applies to the diodes , the second harfinanlamları are as follows:
A: Diode
C : Low-frequency transistörüD : Power transistor dür.F : High frequency transistörüY : Power DiyoduZ : Zener DiyotAC128 , BC108 , AF139 , BF439 , AD165 , BD135 , AA139 , like BY101 .

If you have double the transistor in the same case as it MJ3042 Darlington transistor is called .

Sheath in some Darlington transistors comprise a diode .

A P -type transistor is used as push-pull , which is similar to the characteristics of an N -type transistor beraberkullanılır , it ' Complementary ' is called complementary transistors . MJ2955 , such as the 2N3055 .

Transistors available on the market are in a plastic or metal sheath .

To the most used forms of sheath - 3 Tu - 5 to- 12 to- 72 to- 92 to- 220's .